 |
| THE BEGINNING OF WAYANG KULIT ART DISTRIBUTION IN INDONESIA |
Indonesians are required to recognize the wayang art and the names of characters in wayang. Art of wayang used as media of information, education, da'wah, understanding of Javanese philosophy, and especially as entertainment. If on the ground of Javanese wayang kulit is one of the performing arts as an adat in a certain area.
In Malang, East Java, for example, when the ceremony on 1 suro is always accompanied by wayang performances as custom which must be done every year. At the traditional ceremony dilakkukan larung offerings on the beach segoro kidul as an offering for nyi roro kidul society believes the ceremony will be spared from disaster.
The existence of wayang kulit art has long since Hinduism entered the island of Java. This artwork is an adaptation of Indian literary works Mahabharata and Ramayana. Both parent stories in the puppet were changed and added by adjusting the original philosophy of Indonesia.
The history of Wayang Kulit arts comes from Java, East Java which is growing in Indonesia both in East Java and Central Java even Bali. Wayang art has a very close relationship with the realigi and sosiokulturan culture of Javanese culture. As the figure of Punokawan this figure is very important in puppet shows.
Punokawan consists of Semar, Gareng, Petruk, and Bagong fourth has an important role in the puppet. Then the term technical puppet as a whole comes from the ancient Javanese (Ngoko, Madyakrama). Since 1951 the puppet book has been published and stated that wayang is the original art of Indonesian culture originating from Java. The wayang culture was born since the reign of King Airlangga which is the king of Kahuripan kingdom work in East Java.
The literary works that will be used in the wayang story line written by the Indonesian poets are from Java land since the X century. One of the manuscripts is written by the Book of Ramayana Kakawih with Old Javanese or Hanacaraka.
In addition, Javanese poets also translated the story of Mahabarata and Ramayana from Indian into Old Javanese. Though changing from Indian to Javanese in retelling adds more by incorporating Javanese cultural philosophy into it. For example, Karya Empu Panuluh, Empu Kanwa Arjunawiwaha, and Empu Sedah. There is also a great work done by Prabu Jayabaya (Raja Kediri).
Wayang Kulit Arts as a cultural arts performances that became entertainment since the days of King Airlangga kingdom. In those days there were inscriptions containing mawayang and aringgit which meant puppet shows. The word wayang comes from wewayangan which means shadow.
So in a shadow puppet show always use a piece of white cloth as a barrier and when the puppet is played there is a shadow that is clearly visible on the divider. Thus the viewer witnessed the shadow of the wayang that is on the cloth terseut that is why the word wayang means shadow. Interesting wayang art is always accompanied by traditional gamelan music typical of Javanese culture.